Tinjauan Hukum terhadap Tradisi dan Jaminan Kesehatan FGM di Kabupaten Kudus

Aulia Putri Maulida, Adissya Mega Christia

Abstract


Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is the practice of female circumcision that occurs throughout world. This practice has been banned internationally and nationally. Internationally, this is based on UN General Assembly Resolution No. 67/146 of 2012, as well as CEDAW, which has been ratified by Law No. 7 of 1984, and nationally it is prohibited by Government Regulation No. 28 of 2024. However, in reality, it still occurs in regions in Indonesia, including Kudus Regency. One impact of FGM as a tradition is health insurance. This study aims to analyze the tradition and health insurance for FGM from a legal perspective. The empirical juridical approach method through literature studies and descriptive data processing techniques supported by interviews. The results of the study indicate that Kudus Regency still practices FGM based on traditional customs commonly called kulino, but does not understand that FGM has been banned internationally and nationally there is no legal regulation. Therefore, understanding of health insurance for FGM is still minimal. This is not in line with Law Number 40 of 2004 concerning the National Social Security System (SJSN) which guarantees the right of every citizen to decent and dignified health services, including protection from actions that endanger health.

Keywords


FGM, Health Insurance, Tradition.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Peraturan Perundang-Undangan

Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945.

Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan.

Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak

Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia

Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2004 tentang Sistem Jaminan Sosial Nasional

Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Pencabutan

Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 1636/MENKES/PER/XI/2010 tentang Sunat Perempuan.

Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia Nomor 9A Tahun 2008 tentang Hukum Pelarangan Khitan terhadap Perempuan.

Instrumen Hukum Internasional

United Nations General Assembly Resolution A/RES/67/146 on Intensifying Global Effort for the Elimination of Female Genital Mutilation, 2012.

Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), 1989.

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), 1979.

Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1984 tentang Pengesahan Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination againts Women (CEDAW).

Jurnal

Agbakwu, Crista E Johnson, Kathleen A Fox, Aduragbemi Banke Thomas, and Georgia J Michlig. “Influence of Female Genital Mutilation / Cutting on Health Morbidity , Health Service Utilization and Satisfaction with Care among Somali Women and Teenage Girls in the United States.” Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 2023, 788–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-022-01266-x

Awar, Shamsa Al, Kornelia Zareba, Gehan Sayed Sallam, Nawal Osman, Teodora Ucenic, Howaida Khair, Suzan Al Shdefat, Hadya Abdel Fattah, and Sara Maki. “Legal Awareness and Practices of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) among United Arab Emirates Medical Practitioners.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 6 (2023): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20064710.

Borokini, Andrew, E. O. Ige, and R. A. Folusho- Ojo. “The Legal Framework for the Eradication of Female Genital Mutilation (F.G.M).” The International Journal of Business & Management 8, no. 1 (January 2020): 359–65. https://doi.org/10.24940/theijbm/2020/v8/i1/BM2001-045.

Chernikov, V. V., and O. K. Goncharenko. “The Problems of Violence against Women in International Law.” Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta. Pravo 12, no. 3 (2021): 803–19. https://doi.org/10.21638/SPBU14.2021.319.

Creighton, Sarah M, Joanna Dear, Claudia De Campos, Louise Williams, and Deborah Hodes. “Multidisciplinary Approach to the Management of Children with Female Genital Mutilation ( FGM ) or Suspected FGM : Service Description and Case Series.” Journal BMJ Open 6 (2016): 6–11. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010311.

Elzeblawy Hassan, Hanan. “Female Genital Mutilation: Females’ Intention in Northern Upper Egypt.” Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences 7, no. 1 (February 27, 2023): 01–11. https://doi.org/10.31579/2578-8965/144.

Hussein, Ahmed Issak, Ahmed Muhammad Bashir, Mohamed Mukhtar Kassim, Shukri Said Mohamed, Safio Ahmed Hussein, and Abdikarim Hussein Mohamed. “A 12-Year-Old Somalian Girl Presented with Chronic Kidney Disease and Died as a Result of Female Genital Mutilation- A Case Report.” Urology Case Reports 50, no. June (2023): 102510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eucr.2023.102510.

Jannah, Roudhotul, dan Sulhani Hermawan. “Hukum Sunat Perempuan Dalam Pemikiran Musdah Mulia.” Jurnal Al-Hakim: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa, Studi Syariah, Hukum Dan Filantropi 4, no. 1 (2022): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.22515/alhakim.v4i1.5008.

Kandala, Ngianga-bakwin, and Paul N Komba. “Geographic Variation of Female Genital Mutilation and Legal Enforcement in Sub-Saharan Africa : A Case Study of Senegal.” American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 92, no. 4 (2015): 838–47. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.14-0074.

Klein, Elliot, Elizabeth Helzner, Michelle Shayowitz, Stephan Kohlhoff, and Tamar A Smith-norowitz. “Female Genital Mutilation : Health Consequences and Complications — A Short Literature Review.” Obstetrics and Gynecology International 2018 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7365715.

Kurniati, Fitri, Fitri Fujiana, and Uray Fretty Hayati. “KAJIAN LITERATUR: SUNAT PEREMPUAN DITINJAU DARI ASPEK UMUM DAN KESEHATAN.” Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan (Journal OfNursing Sciences) 11, no. 1 (2022): 75–81.

Lingga, Geofani, dan Shihaf Ismi Salman Najib. “The Female Genital Mutilation Regulations In Indonesia: The International Law, Human Rights, and Islamic Law Perspectives.” Uti Possidetis: Journal of International Law 6, no. 1 (2025): 123–66. https://doi.org/10.22437/up.v6i1.40503.

Lutfi, Adinda Putri Kirana, and Sri Lestari Wahyuningroem. “Opresi Dan Kuasa Atas Tubuh Perempuan Dalam Tradisi Masyarakat Budaya: Studi Kasus Sunat Perempuan Di Banten.” Jurnal Perempuan 28, no. 1 (2023): 37–47. https://doi.org/10.34309/jp.v28i1.808.

Madu, Vivian C. “AN OVERVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF SEXUAL AND GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE ON MENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH: EXAMINING THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK, WITH A VIEW OF BRINGING PERPETRATORS TO JUSTICE.” UCC Law Journal. Vol. 1, 2021.

Maluleke, MJ. “Culture, Tradition, Custom, Law and Gender Equality.” Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 15, no. 1 (April 18, 2012). https://doi.org/10.4314/pelj.v15i1.1.

Mesplé-Somps, Sandrine. “Migration and Female Genital Mutilation.” Journal IZA World of Labor, n.d., 1–9.

Milasari, Dian, Dyah Tunjungsari, Elisa Harlean, Erick Wonggokusuma, Faisal Adam, Henry Riyanto, Rini Sekartini, and Corry Wawolumaya. “Pengetahuan Sikap, Dan Perilaku Ibu Terhadap Sirkumsisi Pada Anak Perempuan.” Artikel Asli 242 Sari Pediatri. Vol. 10, 2008.

Mutola, Sianga, Ngambouk Vitalis Pemunta, Ngo Valery Ngo, Ogem Irene Otang, and T. C.J. Tabenyang. “The Fight against Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting among the Ejaghams of Cameroon: Kinks in the Legal Approach and Implications for Public Health Practice.” International Journal of Sexual Health 34, no. 1 (2022): 160–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/19317611.2021.1955075.

Mwanja, Charlotte H., Patricia Z. Herman, and Walter C. Millanzi. “Prevalence, Knowledge, Attitude, Motivators and Intentional Practice of Female Genital Mutilation among Women of Reproductive Age: A Community-Based Analytical Cross-Sectional Study in Tanzania.” BMC Women’s Health 23, no. 1 (December 1, 2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-023-02356-6.

Pamungkas, Jati. “SIRKUMSISI PEREMPUAN SEBUAH TRADISI KUNO YANG EKSIS DAN TERLARANG (STUDI KASUS MESIR).” Jurnal Asketik: Agama Dan Perubahan Sosial. Vol. 4, 2020.

Rosyid, Moh. “Pergeseran Tradisi Khitan Anak Perempuan Di Kudus Jawa Tengah.” IBDA` : Jurnal Kajian Islam Dan Budaya 18, no. 1 (2020): 104–17. https://doi.org/10.24090/ibda.v18i1.3748.

Siti Fauziyah. “TRADISI SUNAT PEREMPUAN DI BANTEN DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP GENDER, SEKSUALITAS, DAN KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI.” Tsaqôfah; Jurnal Agama Dan Budaya 15, no. 2 (2017): 136–82. https://doi.org/10.32678/tsaqofah.v15i2.3381.

Soltani, Narges S. “The Relationship between Female Genital Mutilation and Infertility : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal 25, no. 1 (2025): 319–318.

Sukmawan, Yulia Audina, dan Dwi Damayanti. “Metode Penelitian Hukum Normatif Dan Empiris Sebagai Strategi Penguatan Perspektif Kajian Ilmu Hukum.” Jurnal NoLaJ 4, no. 1 (2025): 114–28.

Suraiya, Ratna. “Sunat Perempuan Dalam Perspektif Sejarah, Medis Dan Hukum Islam (Respon Terhadap Pencabutan Aturan Larangan Sunat Perempuan Di Indonesia).” CENDEKIA : Jurnal Studi Keislaman 5, no. 1 (2019): 62–84. https://doi.org/10.37348/cendekia.v5i1.73.

Syarip, Al-Azmi Nur Fadhilah, Muhammad Husni Syam, and Syahrul Fauzul Kabir. “Perlindungan HAM Terhadap Anak Perempuan Yang Mengalami Female Genital Mutilations.” Jurnal Riset Ilmu Hukum 3, no. 1 (July 2023): 37–42. https://doi.org/10.29313/jrih.v3i1.2129.

Zainuddin, Muhammad, and Aisyah Dinda Karina. “PENGGUNAAN METODE YURIDIS NORMATIF DALAM MEMBUKTIKAN KEBENARAN PADA PENELITIAN HUKUM.” Smart Law Journal 2, no. 2 (2023): 114–23.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/wjh.v10i2.2169

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Wajah Hukum Published by Faculty of Law, Batanghari University
Adress: Fakultas Hukum, Jl.Slamet Ryadi, Broni-Jambi, Kec.Telanaipura, Kodepos: 36122, email: wajahhukum.unbari@gmail.com

Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.